Physics of radiotherapy

Dr. Mimoza Ristova, Professor

Course content:  

Interaction of ionizing radiation with matter (photons, electrons and particles). Monte-Carlo simulations of ionizing radiation interactions (photons and particles) with the SRIM package. Overview of dosimetric quantities. Measurement of ionizing radiation (most common measuring devices in radiotherapy, use of phantoms, absolute and relative dosimetry). Sources of ionizing radiation (kilovoltage devices, linear accelerators, cobalt devices, cyclotron and synchrotron).

Monte-Carlo simulation and verification with MatRAD and determination of doses delivered to target organs and unwanted doses to surrounding tissues. MatRAD treatment planning (target volumes, dose curves (PDD - percentage depth doses, profiles, filter profiles); radiation field characteristics (penumbra, symmetry, field flatness); plan evaluation (isodose lines, dose-volume histogram). Shaping of the beam field with lead blocks, independent collimator apertures, MLC, physical and dynamic filters.

Specific radiotherapy techniques: IMRT - intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotaxy, whole body radiotherapy. VMAT-volumetric radiotherapy per arch. Calculations of absorbed dose and monitor units (for open field, for irregular field, for filter field, corrections for surface unevenness and tissue inhomogeneity). Radiation therapy with electrons (energy characterization of electron beams, dosimetric characteristics).

Brachytherapy (LDR - low dose rate brachytherapy, HDR - high dose rate brachytherapy, PDR - pulsed dose brachytherapy, sources, dose calculation systems). Physical basis of hardon therapy and obtaining particle beams. Accelerated proton therapy. Accelerated ion therapy. Accelerated S-12 ion therapy. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

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