Introduction to photonics

Dr. Suzana Topuzoski, Professor

Course content:  

Photonic nature of light (pulse, moment of impulse, interaction with matter). Wave characteristics: Interference and coherence; Diffraction of light - scalar theory and Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral. Fraunhofer diffraction as a Fourier transform - application of Fourier optics and Fourier transform theorems. Polarization of light (Stokes parameters and Jones vectors).

Basic physics of lasers and laser beams. Basic principles of laser operation: Einstein coefficients, optical gain coefficient. Stability of resonant cavity, laser modes. Some types of lasers. Gaussian laser beams (defining the characteristic parameters). Higher modes: Lager-Gaussian beams like optical beams having orbital angular momentum – optical vortex beams. Generation of an optical vortex beam with special diffraction optical elements and application in quantum optics, atomic physics, astronomy.

Introduction to Nonlinear Optics. Nonlinear optical susceptibility, description of nonlinear optical processes - generation of harmonics, generation of sum and difference of frequencies, wave equation in nonlinear optical medium. Acousto-optical, electro-optical and magneto-optical effects.

Some applications based on photonics methods and techniques: fiber optics; liquid crystals; laser traps and optical tweezers; laser trapping and cooling of atoms; digital holography.

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